Sunday 18 February 2018

 
What are Bitcoins
What are Bitcoins ?

What Are Bitcoins?


Bitcoin was the primary cryptocoin cash at any point concocted. Nobody knows precisely who made it – digital forms of money are intended for most extreme secrecy – yet bitcoins first showed up in 2009 from an engineer probably named Satoshi Nakamoto. He has since vanished and abandoned a Bitcoin fortune.

Since Bitcoin was the primary cryptographic money to exist, every single advanced cash made from that point forward are called Altcoins, or elective coins. Litecoin, Peercoin, Feathercoin, Ethereum and many different coins are all Altcoins on the grounds that they are not Bitcoin.

One of the upsides of Bitcoin is that it can be put away disconnected on a man's nearby equipment. That procedure is called cool stockpiling and it shields the cash from being taken by others. At the point when the cash is put away on the web some place (hot capacity), there is high danger of it being stolen.

On the other side, if a man loses access to the equipment that contains the bitcoins, the money is essentially gone until the end of time. It's evaluated that as much as $30 billion in bitcoins have been lost or lost by mineworkers and speculators. Regardless, Bitcoins remain unfathomably prevalent as the most popular digital currency after some time.

Why Bitcoins Are So Controversial
 

Different reasons have joined to make Bitcoin cash a genuine media sensation.

From 2011-2013, criminal brokers made bitcoins well known by getting them in clumps of a huge number of dollars so they could move cash outside of the eyes of law requirement. Along these lines, the estimation of bitcoins soar.

Tricks, as well, are genuine in the digital currency world. Gullible and sharp speculators alike can lose hundreds or thousands of dollars to tricks.

At last, however, bitcoins and altcoins are profoundly disputable in light of the fact that they remove the influence of profiting from focal government banks, and offer it to the overall population. Bitcoin accounts can't be solidified or inspected by impose men, and go between banks are totally pointless for bitcoins to move. Law authorization and investors see bitcoins as 'gold pieces in the wild, wild west', outside the ability to control of customary police and money related foundations.

How Bitcoins Work


Bitcoins are exchanged from one individual 'wallet' to another. A wallet is a little individual database that you store on your PC drive (i.e cool stockpiling), on your cell phone, on your tablet, or some place in the cloud (hot capacity).

Source ::https://www.lifewire.com/what-are-bitcoins-2483146

What is Programming Languages?

What is Programming Languages?

What is Programming Languages
What is Programming Languages
Programming language are special types of languages which are installed in computer system as application software. These Programming languages use special syntax, keywords and instructions which are easily understood by our own computer system to get desired output.

There are mainly two types of programming languages::
1] High-Level Languages
2] Low-Level Languages

 High-Level Languages are also known as formal computer languages .These language are nothing but a collection of computers vocabulary and set of grammatical rules which are primarily responsible to communicate or co-ordinates with computer system to obtain or perform certain task and jobs.

High Level Languages are used to create applications software and scripts which can be used by end user to perform their tasks and jobs to receive proper and accurate results.

Example:: Imagine you are running a company with hundreds and hundreds of employees working for you .You can create a application software or user written software to maintain their records such there joining data personal information’s.

Any this software which you have developed with the help of software engineer can calculate the salary of your employees within fraction of second with deduction and incentives which used to take several long hours when done manually.

High Level languages need help of interpreter to convert the code into machine level language which is in the form of binary 0s and 1s.

Common Examples of High Level Languages :: BASIC, VISUAL BASIC, JAVA, C++, DOT NET and so on.

Low Level Languages :: These languages are called as basic language or machine level languages which is in the form of 0’s and 1’s .These machine language is highly complex then high level languages which I have mentioned above.


Machine level language does not use interpreter to convert binary language as it is easily understood by computer system.

Source ::
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programming_language

Saturday 17 February 2018

Design of Computer System and its Architect

Design of Computer System

 
Computer Architecture
PC is an electronic machine that makes playing out any assignment simple. In PC, the CPU executes every direction gave to it, in a progression of steps, this arrangement of steps is called Machine Cycle, and is rehashed for every guideline. One machine cycle includes bringing of direction, unraveling the guideline, exchanging the information, executing the direction.

PC framework has five essential units that assistance the PC to perform tasks, which are given beneath:

Information Unit

Information unit associates the outer condition with inside PC framework. It gives information and guidelines to the PC framework. Normally utilized information gadgets are console, mouse, attractive tape and so on.


Yield Unit

It associates the inside arrangement of a PC to the outside condition. It gives the aftereffects of any calculation, or guidelines to the outside world. Some yield gadgets are printers, screen and so forth.

Capacity Unit

This unit holds the information and guidelines. It additionally stores the moderate outcomes previously these are sent to the yield gadgets. It additionally stores the information for later utilize.

The capacity unit of a PC framework can be partitioned into two classes:

Essential Storage

This memory is utilized to store the information which is in effect as of now executed. It is utilized for transitory capacity of information. The information is lost, when the PC is turned off. Slam is utilized as essential stockpiling memory.

Auxiliary Storage

The optional memory is slower and less expensive than essential memory. It is utilized for changeless capacity of information. Usually utilized auxiliary memory gadgets are hard circle, CD and so on.

Number juggling Logical Unit

Every one of the counts are performed in ALU of the PC framework. The ALU can perform essential tasks, for example, expansion, subtraction, division, increase and so on. At whatever point counts are required, the control unit exchanges the information from capacity unit to ALU. At the point when the activities are done, the outcome is exchanged back to the capacity unit.

Control Unit

It controls every other unit of the PC. It controls the stream of information and guidelines to and from the capacity unit to ALU. Along these lines it is otherwise called focal sensory system of the PC.

CPU

It is Central Processing Unit of the PC. The control unit and ALU are as one known as CPU. CPU is the mind of PC framework. It performs following assignments:

What is a Computer Hard Disk Drive?

What is a Computer Hard Disk Drive?

Computer Hard Disk Drive

Computer Hard Disk is likewise called as a hard drive, HDD (Hard Disk Drive), Fixed Disk.It is utilized as an optional stockpiling gadget, they are a non-unstable memory (Data isn't lost when control is off) Hard drives are least expensive and quicker gadget which is utilized for information stockpiling. This day's hard plate comes in enormous information stockpiling limit, for example, 160 GB(Giga Byte),250 GB, 500GB, 1TB (Terabyte),2TB.they have a pivoting speed of 7200 rpm, 9200 rpm(Revolution Per minute),15000 rpm and the entrance speed of hard drives are approx 1000 kb for each second.

The hard circle was first presented in 1956 for IBM.Hard drives are the most vital piece of the PC framework where all the imperative information has been put away for all time. As when you constructed your new PC you introduce working framework in the hard plate if hard drives come up short your PC stops responding.

Hard drives are comprised of inflexible materials, it has a circle formed platter made up of aluminum or glass and is covered with a thin layer of attractive material the platters are hard and can't be twist, accordingly, are called as the settled circle. The Sizes of circle platters change from 1 to 14 creeps in diameter.

HDD record information by polarizing ferromagnetic material directionally to speak to either 0 and 1 of every a double form.

How Hard Disk Works?

The hard drive comprises of turning circle with heads that move over the plate and stores information in tracks and parts. The head read and write in a type of rings frequently called as Tracks, which are additionally partitioned and are called as areas, which can hide away to 512 bytes.

Hard circle have numerous circle and are called as platters, they are organized over each other and they turn as needs be, every one of the two sides are fabricated to store information, numerous hard drives have more than 2 platters which brings about four or six , some hard drives have 12 platters and 24 sides in addition to 24 heads which are utilized to peruse and compose. The adjusted tracks on each side of each platter together make up a cylinder.

A hard circle has one head for every platter with all heads mounted on a typical arm; the head moves quickly with an overwhelming rate over the circle, they are mounted on a rack which is called as an actuator.

A large portion of the hard plate speed completely relies on their turn speed before numerous hard circle pivot at 3600 rpm which was a steady speed around then yet as the innovation created numerous producer construct hard circle with more transformation speed.

A large number of the current drives turn the platters at 4200 rpm, 7200 rpm, 10,000 rpm, and 15000 rpm. Which emerges the purposes behind quicker hard drive speed which can thus get to the information speedier?

The heads in most hard circle drives don't (and ought not!) touch the platters amid ordinary task. At the point when the heads are fueled off, be that as it may, in many drives they arrive on the platters as they stop Turning. While the drive is running, a thin pad of air keeps each head suspended a shortWhile the hard circle is in working position you are advices not to touch the platters and head while in moving position this activity can truly harm you hard drive.


Tuesday 6 February 2018

What is Operating System? and its types

What is Operating System? and its types



What is Operating System
What is Operating System
Operating system in other words can be called as system software which is responsible to run computer hardware and software to its functionality.
Operating Systems are also called as OS which acts like and intermediate between computer user and computer hardware.

No computer can run without an operating system as it manages computer resources and computer software to derived the result .Operating system [OS] is considered as the most important program of the computer system without it user can not be able to access computer system to its full potential.


Operating system also performs important task like performing a scan on input section and output section of the computer systems as well as it recognizes and carry out operations like receiving inputs from keyboards and presenting output with the help of computer screen and printers.


It also manages computer files and directories present in the computer hard disk drives which are responsible to communicate with the users while performing some special and defined task and operations.

For all general purposes like executing system and application software we require system software which is Operating system or OS.


When computer were first invented the computer users had a single tool which was called as command line where user used to type certain commands to derived required results.

This interface was named as Non GUI which stands for Graphical User Interface this interface was unable to handle request for mouse or any other pointing devices like pen like stylus or pointers. They preferably used keyboards as their input medium and heavily relied on computer screen to present outputs.

To use this type of interface users had to know some common and basic dos commands which were very hard to memorize and execute . Dos commands are nothing but a syntax for some special characters which were typed in the system using computer keyboard to derived accurate result.

As this process was long and tedious people got bored easily and later new operating system were developed which were possessed with GUI Interface [Graphical User Interface] where users just need to operate computers using pointing devices like mouse.

With the help of this pointing devices or input device user found it extremely easy to communicate with computer sytem.

Classifications of Operating System?

Multi User: This type of operating system can be accessed by more than single user at a time as they have the capability to run the program multiple times by the users.

Multiprocessing:: This type of Operating System has more than one CPU [Central Processing Unit]

Multitasking:: More than 1 program can be executed or run on this type of systems.

Multithreading: At a single time a single program can be run simultaneously

Characteristics of Operating System?

The Computer Operating System is nothing but a collection of system program which can run or have the capacity to run another program at a single given time.

The Computer OS is capable to perform input and output functions of computer system as well as control and co-ordinates with another computer hardware devices attached with system. 

The OS also coordinates with internal and external process of system and help the run smoothly and if any this goes wrong it prompt users with a error message on the computer output device which is mainly computer screen or monitor.

Not only it regulates and controls computer hardware and software it also help application software to run and execute within its system. One thing to mention here the application software you are going to use in your system be similar to the OS which you are using or in other words the platform which operating system has been developed must be similar to the application software which you are going to use.

Let’s say you have installed windows 8 operating system on your computer now the application software must be window based software if you try to install Linux based software it will refuse to run and display you with an error message.

Different Types of Operating System?

There are many operating system which are developed and designed for some special and precise task the leading giant in the software industry is Microsoft Incorporation.

Microsoft has developed some of the best and incredible operating system which has taken the IT sector like a storm and is dominating the computer software industry from more than a decade now.

Due to their continuous testing and doing great advancement in the It sector they are ruling the IT Industry.

 http://www.chtips.com/operating-system/how-to-install-windows-7

http://www.chtips.com/operating-system/how-to-install-windows-8


Free Open source Software

Linux and Unix are the operating system which are open source in simple words they are free to use and re write any application inside them for better functionality and serve others.

But before starting you must be a good programmer to do it. This operating system are very secure and less threat of virus and hacking attacks are found when user uses this OS.


The application program which are installed in this operating system are Linux based as they do not support any Microsoft platform based software whether it may be system software or Application software.

Monday 5 February 2018

What is Computer Booting and Types of Booting?

What is Computer Booting and Types of Booting?



When you press the on switch present on the CPU [Central Processing unit] or in other words an on switch present on the computer cabinet or chassis computer start to respond or start this is called as computer booting.

As soon as you press the power on the key from computer cabinet disk is loaded from RAM [Random Access Memory] for further activities necessary for the complete and secure boot process.
The list of the task done when the computer starts it booting process.

1] POST

2]BOOT RECORD

3] DOS KERNEL

4]SYSTEM CONFIGURATION

5] AUTOEXEC.BAT

6] CONFIG.SYS

7] DOS PROMPT

Let us discuss each and every operation in details follow me

What is POST?

POST stands for [Power on Self Test] that actually means in this process computer check itself firstly it check ram whether or not it is damaged or corrupted and diagnosed the size and capacity of RAM.
Later it checks for all the components and peripherals which are attached to it are working in proper order.

For Example, it checks hard disk cables, DVD Cables and so on. If anything unusual and suspicious occurs during the process of computer booting and if found it displays an error message on the computer screen.

What is Boot Record?

After the process of POST ends the control is shifted to boot record which is responsible to maintain all the necessary records important like the size and the characteristics of computer hard disk drive.

 What is Dos Kernel?

This is a very important process in computer booting or computer starting point where dos kernel is loaded in the memory for further processing.

What is System Configurations?

After the dos kernel is loaded into the computer memory it finds a system file.These system files basically have an extension of .sys which are responsible for better functionality where these system files can be changed according to the user requirement.

As these are most important system files of the computer it is highly recommended never change or edit or remove this file from the computer system as it can affect the complete boot process of computer and will prompt an error message when finding any vulnerability.

What is a command.com file?

There is a primary system file which is responsible for the computer to start properly without any disturbance as this file is loaded in computer memory after the system files are configured.
Before we talk further you must be aware of how to boot from a CD or DVD?

What are the types of Computer Booting?

There are mainly two types of computer booting

1] Warm Booting
2] Cold Booting

Now let us discuss on what is warm booting?

Warm Boot is a process where you intentionally restart or shutdown your computer by pressing a CTRL+SHIFT+DEL key from the keyboard or just by pressing reset switch present on the computer cabinet.

Reset Switch is normally seen just behind or beside the Power key present on computer chassis or computer cabinet. It is usually smaller than the power key.

These warm boots are usually done when the computer stops responding or freeze due to an internal error these can occur because of virus infection or computer hardware malfunction.

What is Cold Booting?

Cold Booting is a process where you just start your computer by pressing power on the key from computer cabinet.

Can I Change The Boot Order of Computer System?

The answer is a “BIG YES”

To Boot or start a computer from any other sources you must be aware of CMOS or BIOS configuration of computer system .Let me try to explain what I said above.

BIOS configurations is a motherboard utility which is used to change the system configuration according to your needs let say you need to change the boot order of computer may be you need to install a fresh operating system from USB pen drive or DVD or CD. It is mandatory to change the boot sequence accordingly.

Here is a sample picture how BIOS utility programs look like.


BIOS CONFIGURATIONS
BIOS CONFIGURATIONS


Go to advanced option change the boot sequence accordingly.


Now if you want to install any operating system on your computer using USB pen drive or any other USB medium change the setting which suits you the best. Before starting you must create a bootable pen drive using any free software’s like Novicorp Win to flash or Rufus.

Sunday 4 February 2018

What is a Dos Operating System?

What is a Dos Operating System?  and Dos Commands


MS-Dos is an operating system which is based on non-GUI [Graphical User Interface] technology. A computer system needs a system software or in other words operating system to run smoothly or in full functionality.

Microsoft Disk Operating System

Dos operating system stands for [Microsoft Disk Operating System] which is designed and developed by Microsoft in the year 1981 for IBM.

This Operating system acts as an intermediate between user and computer system. To run this operating system user must be familiar with basic dos commands which are internal and external dos commands.


What are internal dos commands?

Internal dos commands are those commands which are executed within a command file named as command.com.If this file is found missing or corrupted or damaged or deleted those internal dos commands will not be executed as these commands require a supporting file named as command.com.

To require the desired result in msdos one must type certain commands to derive specific results.
Some of the examples of basic internal dos commands are as follows:
  • Ver
  • Vol
  • Time
  • Del
  • Md
  • Cd
  • Copy con
  • Cls
  • Date
  • Ren


And so on

What are external dos commands?

External dos commands require external files which are stored in computer hard disk drive or any other bootable medium. The user will be unable to execute certain external dos commands if and only if supporting files found missing.

Some of the examples of external dos commands are mentioned below:

  • Xcopy
  • Diskcopy
  • Doskey
  • Chkdsk
  • Edit
  • Checkdisk
  • Attrib
  • Scandisk

And so on..

To Run this operating system the computer system needs to run store it in the computer memory. Dos works as the intermediate between hardware and software it translates the dos commands which are typed using the computer keyboard and later it stores in computer hard disk drive.

Advantages of using MS-Dos Operating System
  • Creating file, deleting and renaming
  • You can view a complete list of files and directories which are stored in computer hard disk drive.
  • You can divide computer hardware into separate two parts.
  • You can also format the new floppy disk.
  • You can also backup from floppy to hard disk and hard disk to floppy it's vice-versa
  • You can also be using wildcards for better performance.



Does Dos Perform on it own?
Yes,
  • It controls CPU and Computer memory
  • It identifies computer harmful viruses
  • It distributes various programs in computer memory
  • It also controls and regulates various other devices in computer memory
  • It takes instructions from the keyboard and presents on the computer screen.

What are the different parts of computer system?

What are the different parts of computer system?



Computer Memory::

Computer Memory, in other words, is also called as RAM [Random Access Memory].Computer memory is a thin filament or PCB [Printed Circuit Board] where some electronic components are attached to it.

Computer CPU [Central Processing Unit] performs all its operations and tasks with the help of RAM. The RAM is a type of volatile memory where data is lost once the power is off and computer shutdown or even computer restarts.
The Computer speed mainly depends upon 2 factors computer processor and RAM the higher its configuration higher the speed.

computer ram
Computer Memory

The Computer memory comes in different of sizes, capacity, and cost. Their many variants of computer memory available in the market nowadays such as ddr1, ddr2, ddr3, ddr4 where DDR stands for the dual in-line memory module.

As many of us know that ddr1 and ddr2 are outdated and hence no point in using and purchasing these types of memory. Computer memory comes in varieties of sizes and capacity such as 512MB, 1GB, 2GB, 4GB, 8GB, 16 GB where GB stands for the capacity to hold or store data.

Famous Manufacturer of RAM are::
Dynet, Hynix, Iball, Transcend.

Computer Hard Disk Drive::

The Computer Hard Disk Drive is a type of computer memory and is non-volatile in nature let me explain to you what is non-volatile it means the data is almost stored or saved permanently and can be recalled or retrieve whenever the request demands or call.

The data stored in computer hard disk is not lost when the computer fails to boot or there is a power failure.

computer hard disk drive
Computer Hard Disk Drive
The Computer hard disk drives come in varieties of sizes like 250 GB, 320 GB, 500gb, 1tb, 10tb.The operating system is installed in computer hard disk to use the computer to its full potential and later all the applications software are installed for better functionality and according to your needs.

The Famous manufacturers of computer hard disk are as follows Seagate, Western Digital, Samsung and so on.

CD/DVD Rom

These are optical drives of the computer system where you can use cd and DVD for better functionality and additional features. With the use of cd and DVD, you can install computer operating system on your fresh and used computer and laptops.
DVD Stands for digital versatile disk or digital video disk. Using cd or dvd you can play games, watch movies and installed applications software according to your needs.

The famous manufacturers of DVD RW are as follows:
Sony, HP, LG and so on.

Modem::

Modem is an external computer device which is used to connect a computer with internet.There are two types of modern internal modem and external modem.
As the computer technology has developed the use of modem are restricted and USB cables are used more often to connect to the internet and in a computer network.

Sound Card::

Sound is the computer devices which are connected to computer system internally on one of the slots available on motherboard preferably they are installed on PCI Slot.

sound card
Computer Sound Card


Sound cards convert analog signals into digital signals and hence we can hear sound while playing games and watching videos.

Monitors::

Computer monitors are used to viewing the output presented by the CPU [Central Processing Unit].It is used to view images, graphic, and videos on the screen.

TFT Monitor

Computer monitors come in variety of shapes and sizes before some years people used to use CRT [Cathode Ray Tube] monitors but as the computer 
technology advanced to different level users are using TFT [Thin Film Television] or LCD [Liquid Crystal Display] or LED [Light Emitting Diode] monitors because of its clearer picture quality and better resolutions.

The Famous Manufacturers of Monitors are as follows:
LG, Samsung, BenQ, HP, SONY and so on

Keyboards::

Keyboards are the famous types of input devices of computer system has when used it converts all the characters in human readable form and present on the computer screen.
Keyboard
Computer Keyboard

There are various types of computer keyboard available in the market but here I am going to mention a few of them.

1] PS2 keyboard
2] Normal keyboard [outdated]
3] USB Keyboard where USB stands for Universal Serial Bus
4]  Wireless Keyboards.

Speakers :: Computer Speakers are the types of output devices of computer system which usually transfer the electrical signals into digital signals and hence we hear a sound.

Speaker
Speaker


Speakers are connected to a computer system so that we can hear sound while playing games and videos.

Microprocessor ::

The computer microprocessor are also called as CPU [Central Processing Unit] which is installed on computer inside CPU SOCKET.

cpu
Central Processing Unit [CPU]



The Famous manufacturer of Processor is INTEL and AMD.

Computer Motherboard::

There are different types of motherboard and different motherboard form factors. Computer motherboards are nothing but a piece of PCB [Printed Circuit Board] where all electronics components are attached to it.


Computer Motherboard


Famous manufacturer of computer motherboard are INTEL and Asus




Basic Classifications of Computer System

Basic Classifications of Computer System 



The direct classifications of computers are a hard task at it cannot be classified directly.The classifications of computers can be done on the basis of their work, size, and purpose.
The Computer can be classified or categorized in mainly three types they are as follows.

1] Applications
2[Purpose
3] Size and Strength or power

The computers are basically classified on the basis of application in three types.
1] Analog Computers
2] Digital Computers
3] Hybrid computer [Analog +Digital]

Analog Computers:
These types of computers work with physical quantities such as temperature, current and so on.These types of computers digital signals into analog form.
For Example Thermometer it takes reading using temperature of the human body and presents it in digital form.

Another example you may have seen while filling petrol or gas in your vehicle where the machine calculates the amount in digital form and present the user exact amount of fuel which is refilled in vehicles.

These types of computers are generally used in science and engineering where the majority of the work done is base on some numerical calculations.

Digital Computers:: Digital Computers are generally called as PC or Personal computer.These computers generally work on machine language or binary languages that are 0s and 1s.These computers convert each and every information given to them in binary language and translate them using translators and interpreters with the language they can easily understand and present result which is in human-readable form.

Hybrid Computers:: The Hybrid Computers has the processing power of both analog and digital computers.They can handle pressure, temperature, and voltages. These computers are hugely popular in medical sector where a person blood pressure is checked and one can obtain the result in digits and in numbers.
These computers can be diagnosed patient fully and if any complication occurs it directly reflects on the screen with actual and accurate readings.

Types of Computers based on purpose:
These types of computers are generally divided into 2 types

  1. General Purpose
  2. Special Purpose


General Purpose::
These types of computers are seen everywhere they have a single processor which is also called as CPU. The CPU [Central Processing Unit] has a limited capacity so they can handle few operations in a single time such as documenting in word or playing with games or watching videos or playing songs.

Therefore these computers are used for general purposes and usually called as Personal Computers.

Special computers::

These computers are designed and developed for special purposes and special tasks such as space science, atmosphere readings, physics, and agriculture.
These computers may have multiple CPU’s where the processing power is greater as compared to another computer system.

Different Types of Computer-Based on Size::


The Computer is nothing but a calculating device which stores huge amount of data and processes the data whenever required.

These types of Computers are basically divided into four types they are as follows::

1] Micro Computers
2] Mini Computers
3] Mainframe Computers
4] Super Computers

Microcomputers::

The biggest development in the computer technology was the invention of a microprocessor which was developed in the year 1971 by Intel Corporations.
These computers are usually called as Personal Computers as they are very small in size and very cheap compared to other computers available in the market. They were so small they were able to fit on the table or it was very easy to carry them and transfer from one location to another.

These computers are used in small and large business organizations where all the records are maintained using some special or customized software or using simple application which is developed by software companies such as Microsoft’s ms-word and ms-excel.

These computers basically work on the principle of word processing and file sharing.These computers have a single CPU or processor to carry out all the operations and task given to them.

Mini Computers::

These Mini computers are possessed with multiple processors or CPU [Central Processing Unit].These computers are relatively faster than microcomputers but less then mainframe computers.

These computers are generally used in small and big organizations and company as they are very expensive and require huge space of its installations.

These computers are widely used in railway reservations, banking sector and payroll where records or hundreds and thousands of employees are maintained.

Mainframe Computers::

Mainframe computers come in very small sizes where they have an enormous memory and can store huge amount of data or information. They are widely used in big and small companies and in government sector where millions of data or information are needed to be stored.

They are the multi-user computer where a number of users can work simultaneously and can be easily connected to other computers in the network.

They can perform several tasks given in a single time, as they are multitasking and multiprogramming they are used in government and private sectors.

Super Computers::

The Super Computers are extremely fast and have an incredible processing power they may possess single or multiple CPU with the help of parallel processing.

They are used in space research, military, predictions of earthquakes, genetic engineering and so on.
PARAM is the first supercomputer developed and designed by India.Where China has the most powerful supercomputer and they have named it Tianhe-2.

sources::